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Symmetry–simplicity, broken symmetry–complexity
Complex phenomena are made possible when: (i) fundamental physical symmetries are broken and (ii) from the set of broken symmetries historical...
Synthesis and Enzymology of 2′-Deoxy-7-deazaisoguanosine Triphosphate and Its Complement: A Second Generation Pair in an Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System
As with natural nucleic acids, pairing between artificial nucleotides can be influenced by tautomerism, with different placements of protons o...
Synthetic living machines: A new window on life
Increased control of biological growth and form is an essential gateway to transformative medical advances. Repairing of birth defects, restor...
System Integrated Information
Integrated information theory (IIT) starts from consciousness itself and identifies a set of properties (axioms) that are true of every concei...
Tautomeric Equilibria of Nucleobases in the Hachimoji Expanded Genetic Alphabet
Evolution has yielded biopolymers that are constructed from exactly four building blocks and are able to support Darwinian evolution. Syntheti...
Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds
Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very w...
Testing Deprivation and Threat: A Preregistered Network Analysis of the Dimensions of Early Adversity
Despite abundant evidence of the detrimental effects of childhood adversity, its nature and underlying mechanisms remain contested. One influe...
Testing the Big Gods hypothesis with global historical data: a review and “retake”
This Retake article presents a corrected and extended version of a Letter published in Nature (Whitehouse et al., 2019) which set out to test ...
Testing the effects of the Shamiri Intervention and its components on anxiety, depression, wellbeing, and academic functioning in Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a five-arm randomized controlled trial
Treatments for youth mental disorders are a public health priority, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where treatment options remain lim...
Testing the role of spontaneous activity in visuospatial perception with patterned optogenetics

A major debate in the field of consciousness pertains to whether neuronal activity or rather the causal structure of neural circuits underlie the generation of conscious experience. The former position is held by theoretical accounts of consciousness based on the predictive processing framework (such as neurorepresentationalism and active inference), while the latter is posited by the integrated information theory...

Testing the role of spontaneous activity in visuospatial perception with patterned optogenetics

A major debate in the field of consciousness pertains to whether neuronal activity or rather the causal structure of neural circuits underlie the generation of conscious experience. The former position is held by theoretical accounts of consciousness based on the predictive processing framework (such as neurorepresentationalism and active inference), while the latter is posited by the integrated information theory...

Testing the specificity of environmental risk factors for developmental outcomes
Developmental theories often assume that specific environmental risks affect specific outcomes. Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to tes...
The (modest) utility of MCI theory
Suppose the following were the story of an existing people, an ancient village at the base of a knoll on which a solitary tree grew. One year,...
The adaptive stochasticity hypothesis: Modeling equifinality, multifinality, and adaptation to adversity
Neural phenotypes are the result of probabilistic developmental processes. This means that stochasticity is an intrinsic aspect of the brain a...
The Animal-AI Environment: A virtual laboratory for comparative cognition and artificial intelligence research

The Animal-AI Environment is a unique game-based research platform designed to facilitate collaboration between the artificial intelligence and comparative cognition research communities...

The association between religion and self-reported academic honesty among college students
Current research yields inconsistent findings about the association between religious variables and academic cheating among college students. ...
The Association Between the Bared-Teeth Display and Social Dominance in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Humans use smiles - widely observed emotional expressions - in a variety of social situations, of which the meaning varies depending on social...
The best of both worlds: Dual systems of reasoning in animals and AI
Much of human cognition involves two different types of reasoning that operate together. Type 1 reasoning systems are intuitive and fast, wher...
The bioelectric code: An ancient computational medium for dynamic control of growth and form
What determines large-scale anatomy? DNA does not directly specify geometrical arrangements of tissues and organs, and a process of encoding a...
The Biophysics of Regenerative Repair Suggests New Perspectives on Biological Causation
Abstract Evolution exploits the physics of non‐neural bioelectricity to implement anatomical homeostasis: a process in which embryonic pattern...