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The maximization of free energy—and by extension, the maximum extractable work—that a classical or quantum system can gain when driven by its environment is considered here. The paper examines how this gain depends on the system’s initial state while factoring in preparation costs, providing conditions for optimality. It also identifies easy and difficult optimization regimes based on temperature differences and illustrates these findings with an information engine model.
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When the developing Human Connectome Project’s large infant dataset was combined with generative network modeling to simulate the emergence of network organization over early development, preterm infa...
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Chimpanzees excel at inference tasks which require that they search for a single food item from partial information. Yet, when presented with 2-item tasks which test the same inference operation, chimpanzees show a consistent breakdown in performance. A diverse zoo-housed cohort comprising all 4 great ape species under the classic 4-cup 2-item task, previously administered to children and chimpanzees, and a modified task administered to baboons...
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Atypical face processing is commonly reported in autism. Its neural correlates have been explored extensively across single neuroimaging modalities within key regions of the face processing network, such as the fusiform gyrus (FFG). Nonetheless, it is poorly understood how variation in brain anatomy and function jointly impacts face processing and social functioning. A large multimodal sample was leveraged to study the cross-modal signature of face processing within the FFG across four imaging modalities in 204 autistic and nonautistic individuals aged 7–30 years (case–control design). Two methodological innovations—normative modeling and linked independent component analysis—were combined to integrate individual-level deviations across modalities and assessed how multimodal components differentiated groups and informed social functioning in autism...
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This cross-sectional study involved 254 religious Afro-Trinidadians aged 18–78 from Trinidad and Tobago. Participants completed measures assessing religious commitment, proneness to guilt/shame, forgiveness by God, and health outcomes. Modeling using 5,000 bootstrap confidence intervals was used to analyze the hypothesized associations among variables...
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Text analysis is a form of psychological assessment that involves converting qualitative information (text) into quantitative data. We tested whether automated text analysis using Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) can match the “gold standard” of manual text analysis, even when assessing a highly nuanced construct like spirituality...